The Sacred Islamic Law (English Hardback)

Description Book type: Hardback Weight = 1070g Length = 246 Width = 175 Depth = 33 Numbered Pages = 553 Total pages: 20 so 573 Published = 2023 Edition = 1 ISBN = 9780992898762 Author = Shams al-Din Ahmad al-Hanafi Translator = Muhammad Kalim al- Qadiri   PREFACE The Messenger of Alläh said: “Islam is built upon five (pillars): testifying that there is no deity except Alläh and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Alläh, establishing the ritual prayer, almsgiving, making the pilgrimage to the House, and fasting in Ramadān.” [al-Bukhari, Muslim] These five components of the religion serve as its foundation and are hence known as its “pillars”. A NOTE ON THE TRANSLATION & FOOTNOTES The text before us, entitled, “The Sacred Islamic Law” is the English translation of a comprehensive manual on theology and jurisprudence (the latter based on the Hanafi school of law)-“Qanün-i Shariat” -which deals with all the five fundamental pillars of Islam. One of the most widely-read manuals on Hanafi fiqh in the Indian subcontinent is Qanun-i Shariat-it is widely available and is frequently taught in Islamic seminaries across the globe. The author, Shams al- “Ulama’ Shaykh Shams al-Din Ahmad al-Ja’fari al-Ridawi al-Jaunpuri, has drawn from his teacher’s encyclopaedic work on Hanafi jurisprudence, Bahär-i Shariat-which spans over twenty chapters, the latter three of which were written by the latter’s students. Qänün-i Shariat is quite broad in its range of subjects and the most salient issues pertaining to the two sciences of ‘aqidah (kalam) and fiqh are presented clearly. “Qanün-i Shariat” is not only lucid in its presentation and relevant to this lofty aim, but also reliable in its content. Its author is recognised as a leading jurist of the late Hanafi school. Notwithstanding many previously published English translations of this work, we found that the translations had several passages from the original missing as well as needing much improvement in general. In this new work, we have added: Full referencing of Verses and Ahādith, laws of jurispurdence and other citations in the original Urdu work? Footnotes to elaborate and clarify issues.* Shar i terminology at the beginning to aid the reader. An index for ease of reference. In rendering the work into the English language, utmost effort was made to stay close to the text while avoiding strict literalism. At times, some sentences were paraphrased, for the sake of clarity and fluidity. Despite the most rigorous attention to detail, errors and mistakes are almost inevitable in translating such a profound work. As such, readers are encouraged to forgive any oversights on our part and bring these to our attention, thus helping us avoid such lapses in future editions. We will be immensely grateful for any feedback. The Messenger of Alläh * said, “Whosoever fails to thank the people has failed to thank Allah.” [Abù Dawüd, Sunan] In compliance with the Prophetic command, and out of love and appreciation, I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to all of my teachers for their knowledge and wisdom, my parents for their generous support, encouragement and guidance, my family for their time and effort, and to all those who assisted in the proofing of this work. May Alläh reward all of them without measure and unite them under the Banner of Praise on the Final Day. Amin! May Alläh, Most Exalted, grant acceptance to this work and make it a means of our salvation in this world and the next, amin. May Alläh send His choicest salutations, blessings, and peace upon the master of the entire creation; the Paragon of Mercy; the Chosen One; our Liege-lord Muhammad; and upon his family, Companions, and those who follow them in excellence until the Day of Rising. – Muhammad Kalim al-Qadiri Al-Thya Foundation, UK Dhu al-Hijjah 1443 AH/July 2022 CE Most of these references were taken from Bahar-i Shariät [al-Madinah al- Ilmiyyah, Karachi, Pakistan, 27 ed. (2016)] Footnotes by the author have been referenced with the initials “SA”.   Contents PREFACE ABOUT THE AUTHOR. Name, Family Background & Lineage. Geographical Background. Birth Date … Place of Birth Name, Teknonym and Honorary Titles Primary Education Teachers… Those from whom he Benefitted & Transmitted Chains of Transmission for Various Disciplines Pledge of Allegiance and Successorship …. Services Rendered for the Din … Students … Literary Accomplishments.. Favourite Sciences & Inspirational Personalities . His Appearance.. Charismatic Talents (Karamāt].. Demise SHAR I TERMINOLOGY Al-Fard al-I’tiqadi [Creedal Obligation]… Al-Fard al-Amali [Procedural Obligation].. Al-Wajib al-I’tiqadi [Creedal Compulsory Act] . Al-Wajib al-‘Amali [Procedural Compulsory Act] . Al-Sunnah al-Mu’akkadah [The Emphasised Practice of the Messenger Al-Sunnah al-Ghayr al-Mu’akkadah [The Non-Emphasised sunnah]. Mustahabb [Recommended]….. Mubah [Indifferent & Permissible] Al-Haram al-QatT [Definitively Prohibited] Makrüh Tahriman [Prohibitively Disliked). Isลิ’ah [Reprehensible] Makrüh Tanzihan [Somewhat Disliked] • Khilãf al-Awlã [Contrary To What Is Best] AUTHOR’S PRELUDE.. THE ESSENCE OF ALLÄH & HIS ATTRIBUTES.. The Oneness & Perfection of Alläh.. Transcendence [Tanzih] of Alläh i Interpretation of Ambiguous & Abstruse Words [Mutashabihät] What is Pre-Eternal [Qadim] & What is Contingent [Hadith]? . The Meaning of Alläh J being the Creator and being Wäjib al-Wujud. Alläh’s Knowledge & Will The Power of Alläh Nothing is Necessary upon Alläh Alläh’s Self-Subsistence. Why did Alläh bring Creation into Existence? Alläh’s Transcendence of all Defects. DIVINE DECREE AND PRE-ORDINATION To Whom should an Evil Deed be Attributed?. PROPHETS AND MESSENGERS.. Definition of a Messenger [Rasül]. Who is a Prophet [Nabi]? The Character, Appearance, Nobility and Lineage of a Prophet… Who is Infallible [Ma’sum]?… Attributing Precautionary Dissimulation [Taqiyyah] to Prophets. To Believe a Wali to be Superior to a Prophet. Respect & Reverence of Prophets .. The Life of Prophets. The Knowledge of the Prophets. THE STATIONS AND RANKS OF THE PROPHETS … The First Human and the First Prophet to be Sent .. Some Unique Virtues and Perfections of the Messenger of Alläh Deeming anything relating to the Messenger of Alläh t as Insignificant Mujizah & Karamah.. The Apparent ‘Lapses’ of a Prophet. THE ANGELS [MALAIKAH]…. THE JINN THE BOOKS OF ALLAH DEATH AND THE GRAVE… At what time is bringing Imãn futile? What is Death? Where does the Soul remain after Death? Does the Soul Die? … The Death of a Soul and its State .. Constriction of the Grave… Appearance of Munkar Nakir and the Questioning of the Deceased Who will not be Questioned in the Grave? What Experiences Reward or Punishment of the Grave? What are the Original Elements of the Body and where are they Situated? Bodies that are not Consumed by the Earth.. THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT AND ITS SIGNS Emergence of the False Messiah, the Anti-Christ [al-Masih al-Dajjal] Dajjal’s Physical Appearance and Actions. The Descent of Sayyiduna Tsa Jesus] in Maryam sm. Emergence of Imam al-Mahdie Emergence of Gog & Magog [Ya’jüj wa Majujl. The Emergence of the Terrestrial Beast [Dabbat al-Ard Upon Whom Shall Doomsday Dawn? When and How will Qiyamah Transpire? Types of Intercession. Who else will Perform the Intercession?. The Scales [al-Mizăn] The Bridge [al-Sirāt]. The Pond of Kawthar [Hawd al-Kawthar] The Praiseworthy Station [al-Magam al-Mahmud] The Standard of Praise [Liwa’ al-Hamd] . PARADISE JANNAH HELLFIRE JAHANNAM FAITH [IMÃN] AND DISBELIEF KUFR What is Iman? What is Kufr? What makes a Person a Muslim? POLYTHEISM SHIRK What is Shirk? The Ruling of Seeking Forgiveness for a Disbeliever .. Ruling of Prostrating to anyone other than Allah INNOVATION BID’AH .. What is Bid’ ah? LEADERSHIP AND CALIPHATE [AL-IMAMAH WA AL-KHILAFAH]. Pre-Requisites for al-Imāmah al-Kubrā.. When is it Obligatory to Obey the Imäm? RIGHTLY-GUIDED CALIPHS AL-KHULAFA’ AL-RASHIDUN] The Duration of al-Khilafah al-Rashidah . Who is the Most Virtuous and Superior of Caliphs? COMPANIONS AND FAMILY OF THE MESSENGER Who is a Sahabi? Ruling on Disparaging & Vilifying any Companion … Ruling on Vilifying the Shaykhayn …. Hierarchy of Status amongst the Companions & the Ahl al-Bayt. Vilifying Sayyiduna Amir Mu’äwiyah Who are the Ahl al-Bayt [The Prophetic Household]? Disparaging Sayyidatuna ‘Nishah & Al-Hasanayn [Imăm al-Hasan and Imãm al-Husayn Labelling Imãm al-Husayn « as a ‘Rebel’ or a ‘Traitor’ Discussing the ‘Disagreements’ Amongst the Illustrious Companions FRIENDSHIP OF ALLAH [WILAYAH] Definition of Wiläyah & a Wali. Knowledge and Power of the Awliya’. Pre-Requisites for a Spiritual Guide [Pir/Shaykh]. FOLLOWING ONE OF THE FOUR IMAMS [TAQLID].. SALAH. At what age should Children be Instructed to perform Salah? Preconditions of Saläh THE FIRST REQUISITE – CLEANLINESS & RITUAL PURITY Method of Performing the Ritual Ablution [Wudü’] . Obligatory Aspects of the Ritual Ablution [Wudu] Disliked Aspects [Makrühät] of the Ritual Ablution Nullifiers of Ablution [Nawagid al-Wudu’]. RITUAL BATH GHUSL] Method of Bathing Obligatory Aspects of the Major Ritual Bath [Ghus1] Three Obligatory Aspects of the Ritual Bath Factors which Necessitate the Ritual Bath. What is Permissible and Unlawful for a Person in the state of Major Ritual Defilement [Janābah] Permissible & Impermissible Water for Wudu’ and Ghusl. The Definition & Rulings pertaining to ‘Flowing Water’ The Definition & Rulings pertaining to a Large Body of Water The Ruling for ‘Used’ Water & Remnants How to Purify Used Water. WELLS What Renders a Well Impure? How much Water should be Drained Out and in what Circumstance? . The Meaning of Draining all the Water of a Well Method of Purifying a Well, the Water of which does not Run Out IMPURITIES Ruling of a Major Impurity [Najasah Ghalizah] Rulings in relation to the Minor Impurity [Najäsah Khafifah].. When Is the Distinction Between Najäsah Ghalizah and Khafifah Taken Into Consideration? What things are Classified as Najäsah Ghalizah? . What things are classified as Najāsah Khafifah? REMNANT WATER AND PERSPIRATION Whose Leftovers are Clean? Ruling on the Leftovers of a Disbeliever… The Leftovers of which Animals is Impure?.. Some Rulings Pertaining to Leftovers regarded as Doubtful [Mashkük] and Offensive [Makrüh] DRY ABLUTION [TAYAMMUM]… The Method of Performing Tayammum Fard & Sunnah aspects of Tayammum Permissible and Impermissible Substances for Tayammum. Factors which Nullify Tayammum.. WIPING THE FOOTGEAR [KHUFF].. Conditions for the Validity of wiping over Footgear Method of Wiping Footgear Obligatory Aspects in Wiping Footgear Sunnah Aspects in Wiping Footgear Factors which Nullify Mash over the Khuff MENSTRUAL BLEEDING HAYD] What is Menstruation? The Time-Duration of a Menstrual Cycle. At What Age does Menstruation Begin? Colours of Menstruation.. LOCHIA/POST-NATAL BLEEDING NIF AS] Definition of Nifãs & Its Duration Laws regarding Hayd & Nifas CHRONIC IRREGULAR BLEEDING LISTIHADAH Definition and Rulings regarding Istihadah THE LEGALLY EXCUSED [MA’DHUR]. METHOD OF PURIFYING CONTAMINATED ITEMS Types of Contaminated Items. Purifying Agents other than Water. Method of Removing Solid Impurities.. The Ruling on the Colour or Smell remaining after Purifying The Method of Removing Liquid Impurities.. The Extent of Squeezing Method of Purifying Items that Cannot be Squeezed… Method of Cleaning Iron, Copper, Brass Utensils and other Items. Method of Cleaning a Mirror & other Similar Items. Method of Cleaning Hide [Animal Skin] Method of Purifying Honey.. Method of Purifying Oil and Clarified Butter. Purifying Trees, Walls, or Bricks CLEANSING OF THE EXCRETAL PASSAGES Etiquettes & Manners of Cleansing the Excretal Passages [Istinja”] THE METHOD OF CLEANING ONE’S SELF [ISTINJA]. The Supplication before Entering the Toilet. Supplication upon Exiting the Toilet Du’a’ for entering the Washroom… Dư’ã for Exiting the Washroom… Difference in Istinja’ during the Cold and Warm months. Ruling of Istibra’.. Methods of Achieving Istibra’ Ruling of Leftover water from the Ritual Ablution [Wudu] & Purification. Leftover Water from Washing.. SECOND REQUISITE OF SALAH: COVERING OF THE ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE BODY [SATR AL-‘AWRAH]. How much Satr is Obligatory Fardl?. Parts of ‘Awrah in a Male ‘Awrah Parts for a Female Mahram & Ghayr Mahram THIRD REQUISITE OF SALAH – TIME Time for Saläh al-Fajr [The Dawn Prayer] What is al-Subh al-Sadiq?.. Time for Salah al-Zuhr [The Noon Prayer] Definition of the Original Shadow.. Recognition of the Sun’s Declination Time for Saläh al-Jumu’ah [The Friday Prayer] Time for Saläh al-‘Asr [The Mid-Afternoon Prayer]. Time for Saläh al-Maghrib [The Sunset Prayer] What is the Shafaq? Time for Saläh al-‘Isha’ [The Nightfall Prayer] Time for Saläh al-Witr RECOMMENDED [MUSTAHABB] TIMES FOR SALAH Saläh al-Fajr. Salah al-Zuhr Saläh al-Jumu’ah Salah al-‘Asr Saläh al-Maghrib.. Salãh al- Isha DISLIKED [MAKRUH] TIMES OF PRAYER What does Sunrise refer to? What does Sunset refer to? Definition of Nisf al-Nahär and al-Dahwah al-Kubra Twelve Times in which Nafl Salah is Prohibited THE CALL TO PRAYER [ADHÄN].. The Reward of Proclaiming the Adhãn Method of Proclaiming the Adhän-its Words and its Place The Complete Wording of the Adhãn. The Supplication after the Adhăn For which Salah should the Adhãn be Proclaimed? The Ruling of the Adhãn. When should the Adhän be Proclaimed?.. The Time for Proclaiming the Adhãn. In which Salah is the Adhãn not Proclaimed? … Ruling of Adhãn for Females Ruling for the Adhän Proclaimed by Children, the Blind and someone not in the state of Ritual Purity [Wudu] Who should Proclaim the Adhãn? Ruling of Conversing during the Proclamation of the Adhãn Ruling of Lahn in the Adhan & its Definition. Replying to the Words of the Adhãn.. All Activities must be Ceased once the Adhān is being Proclaimed.. ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PRAYER [IQAMAH] Replying to the Words of the Igamah. FOURTH REQUISITE OF SALAH – FACING THE QIBLAH In which Circumstances can Salah be performed without facing the Qiblah?.. What should one do if the Direction of the Qiblah is Unknown? FIFTH REQUISITE OF SALAH – INTENTION [NIYYAH] Intention of Salah. SIXTH REQUISITE OF SALÄH: THE CONSECRATORY TAKBIR The Consecratory Takbir [Takbirah al-Tahrim] . METHOD OF PERFORMING SALAH Salah of Females. Ruling of Fard, Wajib, Sunnah and Mustahabb Actions. OBLIGATORY [FARD] ACTIONS IN SALÄH… NECESSARY [WAJIB] ACTIONS OF SALÄH PROSTRATION OF FORGETFULNESS SAJDAH AL-SAHW Omission of which Action Necessitates Sajdah al-Sahw? THE PROSTRATION OF RECITAL [SAJDAH AL-TILAWAH . What is Sajdah al-Tilawah? . Sunnah Method of Performing Sajdah al-Tilawah.. Conditions for Sajdah al-Tilawah.. Changing of a Session [Majlis] PROSTRATION OF GRATITUDE [SAJDAH AL-SHUKR] RECITATION OF THE QUR’ĂN [QIRA’AH] How Audible should the Qirã’ ah be? Sürahs which are Tiwäl, Awsät and Qisar al-Mufassal Omission of a Sürah in between Two Sürahs ERRORS IN RECITATION….. Ruling for those who cannot Articulate Letters Correctly. RECITATION OF THE HOLY QUR’ĂN OUTSIDE SALAH Etiquettes in relation to the Qur’ăn CONGREGATIONAL PRAYERS JAMA’AH] For which Saläh is Jamã’ah a Requisite? Ruling of the Second Congregational Prayer [al-Jama’ah al-ThäniyahJ Reasons Permitting One to be Exempt from Attending the Jama ah Where should a Lone Follower [Muqtadi Stand? RULINGS RELATED TO ALIGNING THE ROWS SAFF] WHO CAN BE APPOINTED AS AN IMAM? Requisites of an Imăm Ruling of performing Salah behind a person with Heretical Beliefs. Ruling of Performing Saläh behind a Fāsiq Definition of a Latecomer [Masbüg & a Lone Individual Munfarid. When Should One Break a Fard Salah and Proceed to Join the Jama’ah?. METHOD OF ESTABLISHING THE JAMA’AH NULLIFIERS OF SALAH Definition of a Major Action [‘Amal Kathir] and a Minor Action [‘Amal Qalil] When Can a Snake, Scorpion or any Other Harmful Creature be Killed whilst in Salah? THE BARRIER [SUTRAH] Definition of a ‘Barrier’ [Sutrah]. What can be used as a Sutrah?… THE DISLIKED ACTS [MAKRUHAT| IN SALAH Prohibitively Disliked [Makrüh Tahriman] acts in Saläh. Ruling on an Item of Clothing in Saläh The Ruling of Placing Hands on the Hips. Performing Saläh on Land Belonging to Someone Else. Entering the Disbelievers’ Place of Worship .. Ruling of Performing Saläh Wearing Clothes Inside Out. Ruling on Performing Saläh with Images of Animate Beings. Somewhat Disliked Makrüh Tanzihan Acts in Saläh Performing Salah with the Head Uncovered Praying Saläh on the Mosque’s Roof is Makrüh. Ruling of having Fire in Front of a Musalli The Ruling Pertaining to Running for Salah VALID REASONS FOR BREAKING SALÄH.. Breaking Saläh for Someone in Distress & Difficulty.. Breaking Saläh to Deter the Harm of a Snake etc. Breaking Saläh to Protect Oneself from Incurring any Loss RULES PERTAINING TO THE MOSQUE [MASJID] Du’a’ upon Entering the Mosque… Dua upon Exiting the Mosque… Ruling of Stretching the Feet towards the Qiblah Etiquettes Pertaining to the Roof of a Mosque… Making and Using the Mosque an Access-Way. Rulings on a Pre-Pubescent Child or a Mentally Ill person Entering the Mosque. Inscribing Verses of the Qur’ăn on the Walls of a Mosque or a Duvet etc. Ruling in relation to Soiling the Mosque with Dirt etc.. Prohibition of using Impure Cement in a Mosque.. When can one perform the Ritual Ablution inside the Mosque?… What should one do with the Dirt gathered within the Masjid? When is it Permissible to Plant Trees inside a Masjid? When and for what Purpose can a Chamber be built inside the Masjid? Rulings in relation to Begging inside a Mosque. Prohibition of Entering the Mosque after Eating or applying something that gives a Repugnant Odour … Prohibition of Conversing inside the Mosque.. The Excellence & Virtue of Performing Saläh in the Mosque.. SALAH AL-WITR Method of Performing Salah al-Witr When can Saläh al-Witr be performed in a Congregation Jama ah?.. THE SUNNAH AND NAFL PRAYERS… Definition & Rulings pertaining to the Sunnah Mu’akkadah and Ghayr Mu akkadah Prayers. Which Salah is regarded as Sunnah Mu’akkadah? Rulings when one misses a Sunnah Prayer When is it Impermissible to perform a Nafl Salah? RECOMMENDED [MUSTAHABB] SALAH Which Prayers are Mustahabb? Prayer of the Oft-Repenting [Salāt al-Awwabin Where is it better to perform the Sunnah and Nafl prayers? The Night-Vigil [Salat al-Tahajjud. The Post-Sunrise Prayer [Salāt al-Ishraq, The Mid-Morning Prayer [Salāt al-Duha or Chasht Salah The Prayer for Seeking Good [Salat al-Istikhäran. Supplication for Istikharah .. When should Istikhārah be performed?… Prayer for the Fulfilment of one’s Needs [Salāt al-Hajah] The Tarawih Prayer [Salāt al-Tarawin The Night-Recitation [Shabinah] SALÄH OF THE ILL [SALÄT AL-MARID] When can an Ill person Omit Saläh? MAKING UP FOR MISSED PRAYERS [QADÃ’ SALAH] Definition of Qadã Time of Making up for Missed Prayers [Qada’] The Qadã’ of which Saläh is Forgiven? Maintaining the Sequence in Making up for Missed Prayers [Qadã’ Saläh is Necessary • Age of becoming an Adult Being Illiterate is not an Excuse.. Compensation Fidyah] for Saläh Lifetime Expiation Qada’ ‘Umri does not Exist THE TRAVELLER’S PRAYER [SALAT AL-MUSAFIR] Who is regarded as a Traveller?.. Breakdown of the Definition of a Journey Distance of Travel and the Application of Qasr INJUNCTIONS CONCERNING A TRAVELLER Meaning of Shortening the Salah [Qasr] No Shortening [Qasr] in the Sunnah Prayers Conditions for Affirming the Intention of Residence [Igamah] When can a Traveller and a Non-Traveller pray behind each other?.. Definition of a Permanent Place of Residence [al-Watan al-Asli] and a Temporary Place of Residence [Watan al-igāmah] A Woman cannot undertake a Journey without a Mahram PRAYING SALÃH ON A MODE OF CONVEYANCE Situations when Salah can be Performed on a Mode of Conveyance.. Praying Salah on a Moving Train. Injunction Concerning Saläh on Board a Boat or a Ship. THE FRIDAY PRAYER [SALÄT AL-JUMUAH].. CONDITIONS FOR THE VALIDITY OF SALÄH AL-JUMU’AH.. First Condition – City [or Town] or Outskirts of a City lor Town . Can Salah al-Jumu’ah be Established in Multiple Places in a Town? Who is Authorised to Lead Saläh al-Jumuah?. Second Condition – A King or a Leader.. Third Condition – Time … Fourth Condition – The Sermon [Khutbah] What is considered a ‘Khutbah”?.. The Sunnah Actions in the Khutbah Fifth Condition – Congregation Jamä’ah] Sixth Condition – Unrestricted Access and a General Permission. CONDITIONS FOR THE OBLIGATION OF THE FRIDAY PRAYER Recommended Mustahabb] Acts on a Friday Some more Rulings concerning the Khutbah… Ruling of other Sermons besides the Jum’ah Sermon.. When is it Wajib to Prepare and Hasten [Sa’y] for Salah al-Jumu’ah?. THE TWO ID PRAYERS [SALAT AL-IDAYN] Recommended [Mustahabb] acts for the Two Tds Method of Performing Saläh al-Id The Prescribed Time for the Two Id Prayers What is Takbirah al-Tashriq? Upon Whom and When is Takbirah al-Tashrig Wajib? SALAH OF THE ECLIPSE Prayer for a Solar Eclipse.. Salah is Mustahabb during times of Fear or Calamity FUNERAL RITES JANAZAH] Illness is a Blessing What is the True Illness? illness and Calamity is a means of Expiation of Sins and Receiving Reward Visiting the Ill The Arrival of Death How should one Live in this Ephemeral World? When can one ask for Death? When Death draws Near Instructing the Kalimah [Talgin] What should be done after the Soul has been Extracted? Dua when Closing the Eyes Debts of the Deceased Method of Bathing the Deceased Ruling for a Dead Disbeliever Three Categories of the Shroud Kafan] The Sunnah Shroud for Males and Females The Sufficient Kafan The Necessary Kafan When can one beg for a Kafan? Material for the Kafan Kafan for Children.. From whose Wealth should the Kafan be Arranged? Method of Shrouding the Deceased Method of Carrying the Funeral Bier [Janazah] for Burial Reward for Participating in the Funeral Procession The Funeral Prayer [Salah al-Janazah] The Method of Performing Saläh al-Janäzah Method and Rules Pertaining to Salah al-Janäzah Whose Saläh al-Janäzah shall not be Performed?.. The Right of Leadership [Imamah] in Salah al-Janäzah Rows for Salah al-Janäzah Saläh al-Janazah inside a Masjid [Prayer Hall] is Impermissible Burial and Shrouding of a Stillborn Baby The Grave and the Burial Size of the Grave The Niche Grave or the Box/Trench Grave. Who should Lower the Female’s Body? The Side and Face of the Deceased When and How should Soil be Placed and what should be Recited when doing so? Erecting Domes on a Grave, Making it Concrete and Placing a Headstone … Sanctity of the Grave.. Time and Day of Visiting Graves [Ziyarah] Manner and Method of Visiting Graves. Conveying Reward [Isal al-Thawab] to the Deceased Conveying Reward to the Deceased [Isal al-Thawãb] Mourning Over the Deceased and Paying Condolences to the Bereaved What does Ta’ziyah Involve? Time Duration for the Ta’ziyah.. Food for the Deceased Moaning and Wailing over the Dead THE MARTYR [SHAHID] Martyrs are Alive The Shahid is exempt from Bathing and a Shroud Conditions for not giving the Shahid a Ritual Bath FASTING SAWM Obligation of Fasting … Definition of Fasting and the Time of the Fast. Allocated time for formulating the Intention of Fasting. The Meaning of Intention. Fasting on the Doubtful Days. To Make a Vow to Fast.. Sighting of the Crescent. For which Months is it Wajib to look for the Crescent? Establishing the Sighting of the Crescent when the Sky is not Clear. Definition of an “Upright” Individual Definition of a Person whose Affair is Concealed [Mastür]… Establishing the Sighting of the Crescent when the Sky is Clear Testimony of Sighting the Moon … Actions which Invalidate the Fast.. Actions which Invalidate the Fast but only Necessitate a Qada’ Actions that Invalidate the Fast and also Necessitate a Kaffarah Requisites which Necessitate an Expiation [Kaffarah] Acts that Do Not Invalidate the Fast Acts that Render the Fast Makrüh [Disliked] Definition of ‘Tasting’ Suhur and Iftãr [Opening and Breaking the Fast] The Merits of Eating Suhür [The Pre-Dawn Meal] What should one Break the Fast with? Circumstances in which One can be Exempt from Fasting. When Can a Nafl Fast be Invalidated? VIRTUES & MERITS OF SOME NAFL FASTS ‘Ashura” Fasting the Day of ‘Arafah. Six Fasts of Shawwal Fasts of the month of Sha bän and the Merits and Excellences of the 15th Night of Sha bãn. Fasts of the White Lunar Days [Ayyām Bid] Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays Fasting on Wednesdays and Thursdays. RETREAT [ITIKAF] Types of I’tikäf I’tikaf Wajib [Incumbent]. I’tikäf Sunnah Mu’akkadah [Emphatic Sunnah] . Itikaf Mustahabb [Recommended] .. ZAKAH [ALMS-GIVING] The Excellence of Giving Zakäh. Definition of Zakäh. Conditions for the Obligation of Zakäh . A Fixed-Time Loan [Dayn Miädi] or an Outstanding Dower Payment [Mahr] does not stop one from giving Zakãh. Basic Necessities Lal-Hajah al-Asliyyah] Zakäh on Three types of Goods… When is Zakäh Applicable to Pearls & Diamonds?.. Zakäh on Gold, Silver and Merchandise for Trade [Commercial Goods]. Nisab for Gold and Silver How much Zakäh should be given on Wealth? … Calculation for Goods in Excess of the Value of Nisab.. If one has Gold and Silver but neither reach the respective Nisab, how should Zakäh be calculated? Zakah on Notes is also Necessary… Zakäh on Freely-Grazing Animals [Sa’imah] Definition of Sa’imah. Zakah on Camels .. Zakäh on Livestock. Zakäh on Sheep and Goats Zakäh on Crops and Fruits . Upon which Land is ‘Ushr or Nisf Ushr Applicable as Zakäh? Types of Land.. ‘Ushr is Applicable on which Items? Land that Qualifies as ‘Ushri or Taxable [Kharaji] Payment to the Government does not fulfil the Kharj-Where should the Kharäj be invested?.. The Legally Eligible Recipients of Zakäh Who is regarded as a “Poor” Person and who is regarded as a “Destitute”? Who should be given preference when giving Zakäh?. Who can Beg or Ask for Financial Assistance? • The Reprehensibility of Begging SADAQAH AL-FITR Upon whom is Sadagah al-Fitr Incumbent [Wajib]? Quantity of Sadaqah al-Fitr The Weight of a Sa Who should be given Sadaqah al-Fitr? RITUAL SACRIFICE LUDHIYYAH/QURBANT Definition of Udhiyyah/Qurbani Upon whom is Qurbãni Incumbent [Wajib]?. The Time for the Qurbani.. Rules of taking a Share in the Sacrificial Ritual [Qurbani]… Procedure of Sacrificing an Animal [Performing Dhabh/Qurbani] Rulings regarding the Meat and Skin of the Slaughtered Animal THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL. Which Animals can be Sacrificed? .. Age of the Sacrificial Animal. What should a Qurbani Animal be like? SACRIFICE FOR A NEWBORN L’AQIQAH] Definition of ‘Agiqah When should an ‘Aqiqah be Performed?… What should be done with the ‘Aqigah Meat? Supplication [Du’a’] for the ‘Aqigah INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHY